Organisational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hierarchical conduct - Essay Example Be that as it may, distinctive administration speculations have secured various parts of initiative. In the event that a few hypotheses have advanced from the past authority speculations, at that point a few hypotheses likewise restrict the key ideas of different hypotheses. The motivation behind this report is to fundamentally look at the qualities and impediments of two distinct ways to deal with hypothesizing administration as wellsprings of remedy for good administrative practice in associations. The speculations which I have chosen for the basic examination incorporate Transformational Leadership Theory of Bass and Contingency Leadership Theory of Fiedler. The possibility hypothesis has been introduced by Fred Fiedler. Fred Fiedler was conceived in 1992 and he was perceived as one of the main analysts in the mechanical and authoritative brain science of the twentieth century (Righthealth). The transformational hypothesis has been introduced by James MacGregor who is an American history specialist and Politian and conceived in 1918 AD and perceived as a Pulitzer prize-winning Presidential biographer (S9.com). Both the possibility hypothesis and change hypothesis of initiatives are viewed as noteworthy to contemplate the adequacy of pioneers in the hierarchical settings. At the point when Fiedler introduced his hypothesis of possibility, the vast majority of the work has been done on the attributes and practices of the pioneers to upgrade the gathering execution. Then again, change hypothesis of Bass featured the routes through which the pioneers would be progressively compelling and sway their adherents. The possibility hypothesis contends that viability of pioneers is expanded when the attributes and practices of pioneers best match the circumstance while, transformational hypothesis contends that pioneers can impact the devotees on the off chance that they pass on the people the significance of undertakings, get their emphasis on authoritative objectives instead of

Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos

The air inside Celestial Bias' disconnected home was perfumed with the outside aroma of apples. The settler had been living in Kalamazoo for over 20 years when he met a speaker from his local land who had gone to the US to address; he drove out to the city hear this man. The group's inquiries during the open gathering focused on Bias' nation of origin. To this AIBO stands and inquires as to whether the ladies presently were a similar 20 years prior and the speaker reacts that they were. From that point AIBO welcomes the teacher to supper with his American spouse, Ruth, and his child, Roger.The following day AIBO gets the speaker from the lodging and drives him to a homestead east of the city into a rough street that drove into a detached ranch. It held a disintegrating and shanty home. AIBO thinks back about his time in the Philippines and the speaker eats with the accommodating family. As the supper closes, so does the Bias' time with his solitary connection back home. The teacher s ays farewell and offers to give Bias' assumptions to his family in the Philippines, which AIBO graciously decreases saying that no one would recall him in any case and lets the speaker go.Ovenbird Canton's â€Å"The Scent of Apples† focuses on the nonappearance of the nature of home or the qualities of what makes a spot along these lines, for instance: for a Filipino Collections AIBO there is wealth of apple trees, while for the American men who went out to war there is the nonattendance of extraordinary frigid breezes and the guarantee of winter; moreover the manner in which Santos portrays the setting further epitomizes this sentimentality and segregation from home. The nonattendance of home is presented by Canton's depiction of the, which makes a dismal tone by portraying the memory their child who had left to war.He utilizes that setting, the kid being endlessly for war, to build up outcast or depression; moreover he includes the young men nonappearance from the natural f rosty breezes, changing brilliant leaves, and the scent of apples to additionally confine the parent's from their child. This portrayal when Juxtaposed to Bias' circumstance, being a settler encircled by apple trees in a separated homestead in the US, increases the idea of outcast in an outside spot. During the talk, the storyteller gets a ton of inquiries regarding his nation of origin, which he portrays had become a lost nation to his American audience.Here his crowd was made out of generally ladies who had lost contact with the men conveyed in the Philippines. Their circumstance is corresponding to Bias's, with his family shutting their doors after him and his loss of contact with any Filipino for as long as years, which accentuates his confinement. Comparing Ruth with the storyteller's analysis on the distinctions of Filipino and American ladies, and Bias' portrayal of Filipino ladies involves that there might be no contrasts between these gatherings of ladies at all.To underlin e Remarking on Ruth being depicted like a Filipino, she remains with AIBO even near the very edge of death, while she herself was pregnant. The she perhaps home that he finds in the US. Comparable to the setting, his connect to the Philippines does not continue anymore and the supper with storyteller was the Bias' soiree with his old home, however his being discharged go into the cold and dim toward the end suggests that AIBO despite everything Bias' shanty home underlines this disengagement in a state of banishment also, since the house is found alone in the midst of an apple plantation miles from the city.The storyteller depicted the excursion from Kalamazoo to the ranch to be wearisome; they vanished created bushes, passed thin paths with ugly, fruitless land canvassed in weeds, dead leaves and dry earth. Santos meaner to speak to Bias' good ways from home through the endless outing; besides the fruitless land, limited paths and weeds speak to Bias' affiliations in the Philippine s †he not, at this point had any contact with his family and he has not conversed with different Filipinos in years.The apple trees out yonder underline his being in an outside spot. The peruser is helped to remember this when AIBO remarks on the excellence of fall to which the storyteller answers, â€Å"No such thing in our own nation' and the storyteller ponders the unpleasant remark and how AIBO more likely than not kept away from this reality because of a paranoid fear of being helped to remember his outcast. When they show up at the house the storyteller sees how the house was prepared to crumble.The inside was fruitless and decked with recycled furniture and, the aroma of apples plagued he air †portraying how even in his own home there is the update that he is an outsider. As opposed to his home in the Philippine, greatest one in the Visalia town, which avoided him. Santos additionally utilizes fall to impact the tone of the story. He opens the principal section wit h the old couple; he utilizes the depiction of frigid breezes, spooky feet of fallen leaves and happening to down of the cold to subtlety the topic of depression and abandonment.The pre-winter, being a period of fallen leaves and chilly climate forces fleeting inclination brought by being endlessly from somebody. He additionally this when AIBO brings the storyteller home for supper the setting is portrayed to be incapable and not very chilly, which involves a progressively positive state of mind in the content. Santos utilizes the coming winter, the cold and the dull to additionally feature the sentiment of surrender hen the storyteller at long last bids farewell to AIBO, commenting that they would most likely never observe each other again.Ovenbird Santos brings to his crowd the assumptions of wistfulness. The all around created short, â€Å"the Scent of Apples† very well explains the depression of an outsider. He does this through how he sets up the setting, through how he sets up the phase for the characters to move around and for the crowd to show signs of improvement feel of what Santos planned to confer. The forlornness is obvious in the setting and his utilization of it offers nuance to the subject segregation estranged abroad.

Computer Science vs Mechanical Engineering What to Choose

Computer Science vs Mechanical Engineering What to Choose Computer science and mechanical engineering both fields design, create and analyze tools that make our work and lives easier. Computer science and mechanical engineering advance the limits of what we can do, if on a different level. Both fields similarly support one another in a different manner. Moreover, both professions share many of the same intentions and procedures of problem-solving, if at diverse levels.Lets start the comparison between computer science vs mechanical engineering:- Credit: Pritam Paul Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The Similarities Summary Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The SimilaritiesComputer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The DissimilaritiesBased on the jobsBased on the DepartmentsBased on the Job DesignationsSkills required of computer science vs mechanical engineeringComputer science vs mechanical engineering â€" Which one to Choose?Conclusion The intentions of both the fields are the same, together with the problem-solving processes.The fields that perform in the respective profession require to have different experiences and sets of skills that will play an extremely significant role in their education.The creation of physical tools may be possible with the help of a mechanical engineer, but it would be nothing without computer scientists and vice versa.The dimensions are different, while the intentions are very much similar. Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The Dissimilarities Based on the jobs While jobs of mechanical engineers are to make and develop the physical tools. And verify them to give the outcomes to the different businesses,Professionals of computer science would take the support of research and development to pan out various digital concepts. That has the potential to solve various problems related to computers in the business. Based on the Departments Since the courses of both computer science and mechanical engineering related to two different science branches.There is no doubt that the divisions on which the plans for such courses are provided will also be different.When it comes to the colleges that provide courses in mechanical engineering. The most important names are the mechanical science and engineering department and the mechanical engineering department.On the other hand, the names of the courses in computer science are the computer and information science department and the computer science department. Based on the Job Designations The careers and the job designations that the students have after the finishing point of their courses in their particular professions of mechanical engineering and computer science are completely different.The students of mechanical engineering, they will be capable of applying for posts like an automotive engineer, aerospace engineers, design engineer, and so on.While the students of computer science will be capable of applying for the jobs of a computer engineer, robotics scientist, and so on. Skills required of computer science vs mechanical engineering For students who want to have a better career in the area of computer science and mechanical engineering. It is necessary for them to have effective skills in communication.Having effective communication skills will support experts in both the area of projecting and sharing their ideas with their organizations and teammates for whom they work.Practical skill is another skill that requires in the fields of mechanical engineering and computer science.It frequently combines logic and analysis, as well.The knowledge regarding the methods of practical and logical will be support. When it comes to solving the issues of both areas.Their views on the fundamentals of mathematics must be cleared completely from simple algebra knowledge to various important calculations. Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" Which one to Choose? It is necessary for the students to opt between mechanical engineering and computer science as both areas have differences in them.Selecting the field of computer science will be best for those. Who wants to have a recognized career faster than any other area.The reason for this is that computer programmers need fewer education concepts when it comes to the arrival of a job.Most students who choose a career in computer science do so after completing their bachelors degree.However, mechanical engineering requires a master’s degree from the students who need a perfect job in their career.Experience must be acquired in pursuing a career in both fields. Conclusion Selecting a career between computer science and mechanical engineering will not be a complex problem if the students are all aware of the basic concepts of differences and similarities. If you are facing any problem in writing your assignment, so you can take help from our company. Our experts provide the proper solution to your problem. Our company provides a plagiarism-free solution.Get the best programming assignment help from the experts at nominal charges.

Computer Science vs Mechanical Engineering What to Choose

Computer Science vs Mechanical Engineering What to Choose Computer science and mechanical engineering both fields design, create and analyze tools that make our work and lives easier. Computer science and mechanical engineering advance the limits of what we can do, if on a different level. Both fields similarly support one another in a different manner. Moreover, both professions share many of the same intentions and procedures of problem-solving, if at diverse levels.Lets start the comparison between computer science vs mechanical engineering:- Credit: Pritam Paul Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The Similarities Summary Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The SimilaritiesComputer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The DissimilaritiesBased on the jobsBased on the DepartmentsBased on the Job DesignationsSkills required of computer science vs mechanical engineeringComputer science vs mechanical engineering â€" Which one to Choose?Conclusion The intentions of both the fields are the same, together with the problem-solving processes.The fields that perform in the respective profession require to have different experiences and sets of skills that will play an extremely significant role in their education.The creation of physical tools may be possible with the help of a mechanical engineer, but it would be nothing without computer scientists and vice versa.The dimensions are different, while the intentions are very much similar. Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" The Dissimilarities Based on the jobs While jobs of mechanical engineers are to make and develop the physical tools. And verify them to give the outcomes to the different businesses,Professionals of computer science would take the support of research and development to pan out various digital concepts. That has the potential to solve various problems related to computers in the business. Based on the Departments Since the courses of both computer science and mechanical engineering related to two different science branches.There is no doubt that the divisions on which the plans for such courses are provided will also be different.When it comes to the colleges that provide courses in mechanical engineering. The most important names are the mechanical science and engineering department and the mechanical engineering department.On the other hand, the names of the courses in computer science are the computer and information science department and the computer science department. Based on the Job Designations The careers and the job designations that the students have after the finishing point of their courses in their particular professions of mechanical engineering and computer science are completely different.The students of mechanical engineering, they will be capable of applying for posts like an automotive engineer, aerospace engineers, design engineer, and so on.While the students of computer science will be capable of applying for the jobs of a computer engineer, robotics scientist, and so on. Skills required of computer science vs mechanical engineering For students who want to have a better career in the area of computer science and mechanical engineering. It is necessary for them to have effective skills in communication.Having effective communication skills will support experts in both the area of projecting and sharing their ideas with their organizations and teammates for whom they work.Practical skill is another skill that requires in the fields of mechanical engineering and computer science.It frequently combines logic and analysis, as well.The knowledge regarding the methods of practical and logical will be support. When it comes to solving the issues of both areas.Their views on the fundamentals of mathematics must be cleared completely from simple algebra knowledge to various important calculations. Computer science vs mechanical engineering â€" Which one to Choose? It is necessary for the students to opt between mechanical engineering and computer science as both areas have differences in them.Selecting the field of computer science will be best for those. Who wants to have a recognized career faster than any other area.The reason for this is that computer programmers need fewer education concepts when it comes to the arrival of a job.Most students who choose a career in computer science do so after completing their bachelors degree.However, mechanical engineering requires a master’s degree from the students who need a perfect job in their career.Experience must be acquired in pursuing a career in both fields. Conclusion Selecting a career between computer science and mechanical engineering will not be a complex problem if the students are all aware of the basic concepts of differences and similarities. If you are facing any problem in writing your assignment, so you can take help from our company. Our experts provide the proper solution to your problem. Our company provides a plagiarism-free solution.Get the best programming assignment help from the experts at nominal charges.

Biography of Sir Arthur Currie

Sir Arthur Currie was the first Canadian-appointed commander of the Canadian Corps in World War I. Arthur Currie participated in all major actions of the Canadian forces in World War I, including the planning and execution of the assault on Vimy Ridge. Arthur Currie is best known for his leadership during the last 100 Days of World War I and as a successful advocate of keeping Canadians together as a unified fighting force. Birth December 5, 1875, in Napperton, Ontario Death November 30, 1933, in Montreal, Quebec Professions Teacher, real estate salesman, soldier and university administrator Career of Sir Arthur Currie Arthur Currie served in the Canadian Militia before World War I. He was sent to Europe at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Arthur Currie was appointed the commander of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade in 1914. He became commander of the 1st Canadian Division in 1915. In 1917 he was made commander of the Canadian Corps and later that year was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. After the war, Sir Arthur Currie served as Inspector General of the Militia forces from 1919 to 1920. Currie was principal and vice-chancellor of McGill University from 1920 to 1933. Honors Received by Sir Arthur Currie Commander of the BathLegion of HonourKnight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. GeorgeCroix de GuerreU.S. Distinguished Service Medal

Essay on Is Satan the Epic Hero in Paradise Lost

Young children and adults across the world are taught that God is a hero above the rest. He is both omnipotent and omnipresent, almost like how Santa Clause is described as to little children. God does no wrong and is incapable of committing a sin; He is a picture perfect being. Satan is God’s archenemy and polar opposite, he’s popularly known for his evil ways and the fiery inferno that he inhabits, described in the book Dante’s Inferno. Rarely do people confuse the idea that God is the hero and Satan is the evildoer that needs to be extinguished from the world. I can safely say that in terms of Christianity and its beliefs there is no mistake to who the epic hero of the bible is. In John Milton’s poem â€Å" Paradise Lost,† the lines†¦show more content†¦She believes that the purpose of the poem was to provoke readers (Webber 514). The confusion of Milton’s explanation and God’s intentions arise when Milton makes a claim that Adam and Eve’s plunge into the world of sin was indirectly the result of Lucifer, a serpent wondering around in the Garden of Eden. At this time, Satan becomes the central focus of this poem. Routinely in epic novels and poems the epic character narrates the tale. So for Satan to be the main narrator in books one and two begs to question whether Milton has lost focus in his story and inadvertently portrayed Satan as the epic hero. Leontien Kouwenhoven suggests in a paper titled â€Å"Satan as the Hero of Paradise Lost,† that Milton’s creation of Hell is void of order giving Satan the power and ability to become a strong and prominent leader. Milton uses vivid imagery to conjure up the image of Satan and his second-in-command Beelzebub tied by chains to a fiery lake below earth’s atmosphere also known as Hell. Satan contrite with anger does not show any penance for his rebellion from God but instead disgust for their current condition. In an attempt to alleviate the discomfort he feels for rebelling he decides to gather an army and attack the Lord again. Satan and Beelzebub easily break free from their chains. His chains are so weak that he and Beezebub are able toShow MoreRelated John Miltons Epic Poem, Lost Paradise Essays601 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Milton created an epic poem unlike any other. He created the poem while going blind, and recited it in its entirety, after he went completely blind, for his daughters to record. Paradise Lost is arguably the greatest epic poem ever written, though not the most well-known. It is so great because it is so modern. Other epics, such as The Iliad or The Odyssey written by Homer are poems of the past. They incorporate a religion that is no longer followed, and are something of science fiction todayRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost And Alexander Pope s The Rape Of The Lock1220 Words   |  5 PagesEpic conventions are things that most epic poems have in common. They are not always identical, but they have common characteristics. Examples of epic conventions are a hero or individual that is beneficial in some way to a community, a journey in which the narrative takes the reader to different regions, and supernat ural forces. The most common epic conventions are a long narrative poem about the great deeds of a human hero, recounting past events, elevated language, invoking a muse, the hero’sRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1499 Words   |  6 PagesInner light in Satan Epic heroism is a category that can pertain to many different subjects considering on what they have done or been through. No matter good, bad, or evil some of these subjects can find a way to make themselves that epic hero that best fits them. An epic hero goes by the definition of, a brave and noble character in an epic poem, admired for great achievements or affected by grand events. This being said can make any possible being, an epic hero if that being has done what isRead MoreHeroic in Paradise Lost by John Lost Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of the heroic in John Miltons Paradise Lost is one that has often been the focus of critical debate, namely in the debate surrounding which character is the true hero of the poem. Most critics of the subject have, however, noted that the difficultly in defining the hero of Miltons work is mainly due to our â€Å"vague understanding of what constitutes heroism†1 and the fact that â€Å"the term itself is equivocal† 2. The vague terming of what heroism can be defined as it what draws criticsRead More Epic Characteristics of Paradise Lost Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesEpic Characteristics of Paradise Lost Paradise Lost is one of the finest examples of epic tradition in all of literature. In composing this work, John Milton was, for the most part, following in the manner of epic poets of past centuries. By knowing the background of epic characteristics and conventions, it is easy to trace their presence in Book I of Paradise Lost. One of the biggest questions that a reader must face is that of the hero; exactly who is the epic hero in the poemRead MoreIs Satan A Hero Or Villain?1258 Words   |  6 PagesIs Satan a Hero or a Villain? An Analysis of Milton’s Paradise Lost The heroic qualities of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost are overwhelmingly masked by his ‘satanic’ and villainous acts which qualify his character to fall into a category of villain rather than hero. Paradise Lost is an epic poem and like all epic poems, requires an epic hero with a tragic flaw. The tragic flaws of Satan are too prominent and effectual to call him an epic hero, but rather these flaws, or evil characteristicsRead MoreThe Role of Satan in Paradise Lost1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Satan in â€Å"Paradise Lost† John Miltons epic â€Å"Paradise Lost† is one that has brought about much debate since its writing. This epic tells the Biblical story of Adam and Eve, although from a different perspective than what most people usually see. Milton tells the story more through the eyes of Satan, whom most people usually consider the ultimate villain. The way in which Satan is portrayed in this story has caused speculation as to whether Satan is actually a hero in this situationRead MoreSatan As A Hero And A Villain916 Words   |  4 PagesSatan as a Hero and a Villain (Analysis of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost) John Milton created Paradise Lost out of twelve books of well constructed poetry. A poem depicting and going into detail of the story of Adam and Eve, man’s creation and fall. The poem focuses on the actions of one particular character, Satan. Milton introduces his readers to Satan in Book I as a hero, trying to get revenge against God for throwing him out of Heaven, being banished to Hell. But as Satan carries on withRead MoreAnalysis Of John Orwell s Paradise Lost 882 Words   |  4 PagesJenna Elliott Dr. Lingle-Martin British Literature February 14, 2017 How Epic Conventions Communicate Messages How does a story display a message? Often while reading, people do not realize just exactly how a text displays a message or lesson. Most of the time people realize what the message or lesson is only after they are finished reading. But, in fact many aspects of a text communicate a message. Conventions of epics play a big role in sharing the message. One may not realize it while readingRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost921 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Milton’s Paradise Lost continues the epic tradition developed by the ancient Greek and Roman poets. Composed in exact imitation of its predecessors, the work depicts all characteristics of a traditional epic poem—including the epic hero, a powerful embodiment of societal values. Milton presents his hero in a most unpredictable form: Satan. Despite the unorthodox oddity, the former archangel exhibits the conventions of an epic hero. Milton’s forced perception of Satan as the hero of the poem reflects

The Foolproof Intitle : Free Commentary Essay Samples Issue Strategy

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International Business Strategy Boston Properties

Question: Discuss about the International Business Strategy for Boston Properties. Answer: Introduction: About Boston Properties Boston Properties Inc. operates as a self managed and administered real estate investment trust or REIT in United States. Boston Properties owns, manages and also contributes in developing high quality office properties and suits in America based along significant regions like Boston, Los Angeles, New York and also in other areas like San Francisco and Washington DC. The company was formed during 1970 in Boston owing to the joint efforts of Mortimer B. Zuckerman and Edward H. Linde. Its current headquarters is based in Boston. Boston Properties is traded in the New York Stock Exchange (NWSE) as BXP. Along with office properties, Boston Properties also focuses on the development of retail, residential and hotel properties in United States(Boston Properties, Inc. , 2016). Market Entry Into Sweden Boston Properties focuses to gain an effective market entry into Sweden. The country is chosen by the management of Boston Properties owing to the existence of an integrated economic system compared to other international regions. Further, the commercial climate in Sweden is observed to be technology driven in nature that contributes in conducting transactions in an easy and faster fashion. The government of Sweden largely encourages the growth of foreign investment and international trade in the region that potentially contributes in enhancing the level of completion in the trade and economic sector in Sweden(Swedish Institute., 2016). Further, Sweden tends to possess an effective pool of trained and qualified human resources that would contribute in conducting the business and trade functions in an effective fashion. Increased investments are generated by the Swedish government in the ambit of Research and Development and also in the development of Information Technology infrastruc tures. The existence of an innovative working climate, increased productive and skilled workforce and also an open economic system potentially help in attracting foreign investors to invade the region. The region also reflects a competitive tax climate in the form of existence of tax exemptions and reliefs on capital gains and interests respectively. The operation of private enterprises in Sweden contributes to around 90 percent of the total industrial production in the region where the service sector contributed to 68.8 percent of the GDP of the country during 2013(Swedish-American Chambers of Commerce of the USA, Inc., 2015). Foreign Market Entry Mode The American companies like Boston Properties Inc. can effectively focus on the formation of strategic alliances like generation of joint ventures with other companies while also focusing on generation of licenses and contracts with existing institutions based along in Sweden. Formation of joint ventures and also the generation of licenses and contracts are observed to be effective market entry modes for Boston Properties in that it contributes in reduction of risk and also in faster expansion and penetration of the real estate company in the Swedish market(Holm et al., 2015). The use of the above market entry modes like joint venture, licensing and generation of contracts would help Boston Properties Inc. in gaining effective market entry in the Swedish real estate market. Formation of joint ventures and other such licensing and contractual agreements with existing companies in Sweden would help Boston Properties in gaining potential access to markets, business resources and existin g channels and networks possessed by such companies. The same would effectively help Boston Properties in developing an effective presence in Sweden(Swedish Institute., 2016). Corporate Strategy of Boston Properties The corporate strategy of Boston Properties is effectively reflected in the following statements. The management of Boston Properties essentially focuses on developing business bases in such areas that reflect increased consumer demand regarding premium and high quality office spaces. Further, Boston Properties aim in carrying out its business activities in such regions and also aim to expand to such economies that reflect increased barriers to entry for foreign ventures. The same helps in reducing the level of competitiveness based on reducing the access of companies to existing resources and infrastructures. The management of the real estate company also focuses on undertaking challenging tasks in that the same helps in optimal utilisation of the skill and resources base of the institution. Taking on challenging tasks contributes in creating a niche market. Boston Properties aims in incorporating effective technology and other resources for enhancing the quality of the office, resi dential and hotel properties developed. Incorporation of effective communication and transportation facilities potentially help in addressing the needs of potential consumers. The company management also focuses on acquiring of potential assets and real estate properties while also aims in expanding across the business territory based on the development of joint venture agreements with regional companies. Boston Properties Inc. also focuses on enhancing and creating needed value and demand for its real estate properties(Boston Properties, Inc., 2016). Potential Implications of Formal and Informal Institutions Sweden Formal Institutions Formation of Joint Ventures in Sweden is identified as an effective agreement generated between two or more firms for performing through an institution. The joint venture is carried out through an institution that is limited by shares, or a firm generated out of a trading partnership, or based on limited partnership or that identified to be formed as a non-trading partnership(IBP, Inc., 2015). Sweden being a competitive and free economic system and also driven by an innovative and skill based work culture largely attracts the flow of foreign direct investment. Way back in 1993, the Swedish government had generated regulations that had contributed in generation of a transparent and liberal economic system attracting potential FDI in the region(Invest in EU, 2016). Semi-Formal Institutions The Swedish organisations reflect organisational members interacting with each other in a casual fashion. The people also tend to wear casual clothing in the workplaces. The Swedish firms reflect reduced chain of command that helps in conducting of effective interactions and also in taking of decisions in a collaborative fashion. The Swedish people though punctual in nature focus on taking sacred breaks. The organisational members are required to communicate in Swedish and know the tax laws of the region(Swedish Institute., 2016). South Korea Formal Institutions Joint Ventures are not specifically defined under the Korean Law. Joint Ventures of the type corporate and contractual are conducted in South Korea where the corporate JVs are corporations that are governed and run by members that have formed joint ventures or by directors appointed by the joint venture members. The contractual joint ventures are observed to be formed based on the generation of joint venture contracts between two or more people without the need for incorporating an organisation. In the founding documents regarding formation of joint ventures, foreign languages can be effectively used by the members. For registration purposes of JVs however documents are translated in Korean languages. Statutory limits are not established regarding number of members required for forming of joint ventures (Practical Law, 2015). The Korean government reflects positive attitude pertaining to the gaining of increased FDI from different international regions. The government potentially und erstands the value of FDI and thus encourages its flow in the region. The FDI flow in South Korea however is affected by lack of transparency and also changes in the regulatory mechanisms(U.S. Department of State , 2013). Semi-Formal Institutions The South Koreans tend to first bow and then focus on shaking hands with the expatriate people. The subordinates tend to bow to their seniors while the seniors in the organisation are the first to shake hands. The actual meeting is preceded by the generation of information regarding the parties to be involved in the meeting. Effective greetings are required to be made through the presentation of fruits, chocolates and flowers wrapped in an effective fashion. The gifts are required to be wrapped in red and yellow colours. Effective relationships are required to be made with the South Korean people while also appointments are required to be made in advance of around 3 to 4 weeks. Conservative dresses are required to be worn during meetings(Commisceo Global Consultancy Ltd, 2016). Saudi Arabia Formal Institutions Foreign investors focusing on entering into Saudi Arabia are needed to effectively partner with local investors commonly known as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) investors. The partners entered into a JV agreement are required to gain legal recognition for conducting its business in KSA. Legal entities in KSA administer and govern the conducting of JVs in the region(Clyde Co LLP, 2013). The Saudi Arabian region reflects a positive and an attractive environment for FDI flow. The Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA) focuses on generation of effective information and potential assistance to investors that focus on the generation of increased investments in diverse sectors relating to Saudi Arabia. The government of Saudi Arabia focuses on creating an open and liberal economy that potentially encourages the flow of FDI in the region. The Investor Service Centre of SAGIA not only focuses on the generation of effective information but also licenses to the investors (U.S. Depar tment of State , 2015). Semi-Formal Institutions The Saudis generate increased importance to the aspect of connections and networks gained on an individual level. They tend to focus on gaining personal information related to the qualifications possessed by the individuals along with their family and social networks. Gaining information on such basis helps the Saudis in generating ranks to the individuals in the firm. Further, the Saudis also lay increased importance on the parameter of effective greetings and mannerism and are also required to abide by the Islamic traditions and laws for conducting social and business interactions. The Saudi people increasingly focus on the development of effective relationship with the expatriate staffs that tend to effectively respond to their hospitality gestures(HR Zone, 2013). References Boston Properties, Inc. , 2016. Overview. [Online] Available at: https://www.bostonproperties.com/pages/about [Accessed 23 August 2016]. Boston Properties, Inc., 2016. Our Strategy. [Online] Available at: https://www.bostonproperties.com/pages/about/our-strategy [Accessed 23 August 2016]. Clyde Co LLP, 2013. Joint Ventures in KSA. [Online] Available at: https://www.saudiarabia.doingbusinessguide.co.uk/media/383628/ME-Fact-sheet-B006-KSA-Joint-Ventures-Eng-May2013pdf.PDF [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Commisceo Global Consultancy Ltd, 2016. South Korea Guide. [Online] Available at: https://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/south-korea-guide [Accessed 23 August 2016]. Holm, U., Forsgren, M. Johanson, J., 2015. Knowledge, Networks and Power: The Uppsala School of International Business. United Kingdom : Springer. HR Zone, 2013. Doing business in Saudi Arabia - cultural considerations for HR. [Online] Available at: https://www.hrzone.com/perform/business/doing-business-in-saudi-arabia-cultural-considerations-for-hr [Accessed 23 August 2016]. IBP, Inc., 2015. Sweden Insolvency (Bankruptcy) Laws and Regulations Handbook - Strategic Information and Basic Laws. United States: Lulu.com. Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/Australian/Export/Export-markets/Countries/Sweden/Doing-business/Tariffs-and-regulations [accessed 23 August 2016]. Invest in EU, 2016. Invest in Sweden. [Online] Available at: https://www.investineu.com/content/invest-sweden [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Practical Law, 2015. Joint ventures in South Korea: overview. [Online] Available at: https://ca.practicallaw.com/7-617-3185 [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Swedish Institute., 2016. Taking Care of Business in Sweden. [Online] Available at: https://sweden.se/business/taking-care-of-business-in-sweden/ [Accessed 23 August 2016]. Swedish-American Chambers of Commerce of the USA, Inc., 2015. Why Sweden? [Online] Available at: https://www.sacc-usa.org/export-guides/doing-business-in-sweden/why-sweden/ [Accessed 23 August 2016]. U.S. Department of State , 2013. 2013 Investment Climate Statement - Republic of Korea. [Online] Available at: https://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2013/204670.htm [Accessed 24 August 2016]. U.S. Department of State , 2015. 2015 Investment Climate Statement - Saudi Arabia. [Online] Available at: https://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2015/241728.htm [Accessed 24 August 2016].

Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT Essay Example

Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT Essay Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT  degree is designed for nurses who want to take  their clinical expertise to the next level  and take on the challenge of instituting more  prominent  and effective methods of patient care. These particular skills learned  can be applied to most any clinical settings,as well as hospitals and doctors’ offices including rehabilitation centers and hospices along with Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Our curriculum prepares our students for the Clinical Nurse Leader certification exam with class leading  curriculum  and faculty. The Saint Xavier University Online  program gives our nurses a high level perspective and the critical thinking skills they will need to manage nursing departments or units. The coursework covers all the vital aspects of an administrative function including the assessment and implementation of high quality and safety measurements, project management,  budgeting, strategic planning and patient communications. Our curriculum prepares our students for the nurse executive advanced certification exam. For nurses who have a master’s degree in nursing or are currently earning one in Saint Xavier University’s online program, this certificate prepares you the students for the Certified Nurse Educator exam and reduces the teaching experience requirement. Current Nurse practitioners, nurse administrators, and clinical specialists who want to impart their knowledge and expertise will find the program a perfect fit. Click the Banner below for the Official:   We will write a custom essay sample on Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Saint Xavier University Online MBA Program No GMAT

Domestic Violence Change In Barking And Dagenham Social Work Essays

Domestic Violence Change In Barking And Dagenham Social Work Essays Domestic Violence Change In Barking And Dagenham Social Work Essay Domestic Violence Change In Barking And Dagenham Social Work Essay This assignment will foreground how domestic force can be reduced in the London borough of Barking and Dagenham. It will concentrate on what services are already available at that place to contend domestic force in the borough, what will be done to better those services which are already available and what could be developed farther, it will discourse how these alterations will be promoted. This assignment will discourse the challenges that will be faced while seeking to implement these alterations. It will besides foreground those who will defy the alteration to be implemented and how the opposition will be addressed. The borough of Barking and Dagenham is located in the North East of London. It has a population of about 163,000 and a geographical country of 8,877 estates including 67,000 places ( Contentss about the Barking and Dagenham country, 2009 ) . Domestic force is any incident of endangering behavior, force or maltreatment ( psychological, physical, sexual, fiscal or emotional ) between spouses or household members, irrespective of gender or gender ( Hester and Westmarland, 2005 ) . The borough of Barking and Dagenham has one of the highest rates of domestic force across London with 4,506 incidents which were reported to the Police in 2009/10. Domestic force histories for 22 % of notifiable offenses in Barking and Dagenham, and hence poses a serious concern for alteration ( Barking and Dagenham Domestic Violence Forum, 2009 ) . Domestic force affects all societal groups, i.e. adult females, work forces, kids, homosexual etc ( Hegarty and Taft 2001 ) . Womans are affected more in this borough with 77 % victims of domestic force in this borough. 1 in 4 adult females in United Kingdom will see domestic atleast one time in there life clip ( British Crime Survey 2001 ) . A alteration has to be implemented in order to cut down domestic force in this borough of barking and Dagenham. Lewin ( 1951 ) proposes that when implementing any alteration there are a figure of factors that help to accomplish alteration every bit good as factors that may impede alteration. On the other manus, a confining factor could be an unwillingness to alter. Change agent, should non be surprised at the jobs that are encountered while implementing alteration and should be equipped to cover with all results, while being prepared to modify any planned procedures as the alteration progresses ( Leavitt et al 1973 ) . It is of import to choose the most appropriate scheme for implementing the needed alteration in order to cut down domestic force in the borough of Barking and Dagenham. The ability to joint a shared vision is a critical facet to a alteration ( Dess and Picken 2000 ) . The vision provides the borough with a clear future way and support for the trust s mission about cut downing domestic force Domestic force has to be addressed because it is now being recognised as a wellness issue which can hold an tremendous consequence on people s mental wellness ( British Medical Association ( BMJ, 1998 ) . It is now good accepted that maltreatment ( both in childhood and in big life ) is frequently one of the major factor in the development of depression, anxiousness and other mental wellness upsets, and may take to kip perturbations, self-destruction and attempted self-destruction, self-harm, substance abuse and eating upsets ( Golding 1999, Humphreys et al 2003 ) . Children who are affected with domestic force are at increased hazard of behavioral jobs, emotional injury, and mental wellness troubles when they grow up ( Hester et al 2000 ) . Physical hurts are besides common and these include contusions, fractured castanetss and other external hurts. In Barking and Dagenham, there has been an debut of the East London Perpetrator programme which was established towards the terminal of 2006 with neighboring boroughs Newham and Waltham Forest as an option to cut down repeated offense ( Barking and Dagenham Domestic Violence Strategy, 2008 ) . However, the statistics show that there seems to be less or no decrease in domestic force. Despite the fact that many people have the same beliefs that victims of domestic force must be helped, no 1 talks about assisting culprits of domestic force and if they do at all, many will desire the culprits to be prosecuted. However, the truth is that culprits of domestic force besides need aid. Many people do non look to understand that in the same manner the culprit is besides a victim of fortunes which would hold made an impact in his life when he was rather immature such as an opprobrious and violent relationship between his parents or himself being abused when he was immature either by his parents or relation. It can besides be due to civilization that violent work forces claim that in their civilization, adult females have an inferior function, and the usage of force is endorsed to maintain adult females in line. Some culprits accuse the legal system for trying to destruct their civilization. Awareness needs to be raised to these people to do them understand that It is of import to keep cultural traditions and beliefs, but this can be done without force or maltreatment In the multi-cultural borough of barking and Dagenham, Perpetrators of force may wrongly warrant their disfunction in a figure of ways which include civilization and faith. Unfortunately, their logical thinking may even convert victims that they are deserving to be beaten because of civilization. The feeling of shame for the victims of maltreatment becomes a signifier of societal control designed to protect maltreaters ( Haider, 2002 ) , while female subjugation is frequently wrongly justified by work forces on the footing of spiritual and cultural beliefs ( Rahim, 2000 ) . In order to alter the behavior of those responsible for domestic force and to accomplish a decrease in repetition exploitation, it is of import that more resources must be focussed upon the culprits of this offense. Raising consciousness to culprits will be the chief resource that should be focused upon. The engagement of spiritual leaders in educating people and raising consciousness about domestic force is really important in the borough of Barking and Dagenham because these spiritual leaders are really influential to their followings. Another ground why spiritual leaders should be used as a tool in combat and raising consciousness about domestic force is that most maltreaters attend idolizing topographic points and hence if the massage is preached about domestic force, it would be making out to a big Numberss of the community. Therefore the borough of barking and Dagenham will concentrate on candidacy for Muslim leaders and other church curates to work towards cut downing domestic force incidents against adult females through the development of educational plans which will be designed to alter cultural attitudes and beliefs of Perpetrators of force against adult females. These plans will authorise adult females at different degrees by raising their consciousness about the available services in the community, heightening their cognition about their legal and societal rights, every bit good as about the manner bing services operate. If culprits of domestic force have relationship jobs with a spouse, they will be taught how to near the spouse without being opprobrious focussing on spiritual values because the nucleus values expressed in the universe s major faiths relate closely to human right rules. Islam views human life as a sacred gift from God, so the life of single regardless of gender age, nationality deserves respect ( Witte et el. 1996 ) . Similarly, consciousness will be raised among the general populace because research shows that in the first case, most domestic force victims turn to households and friends for support ( Humphreys et el 2000 ) . Many people do non cognize how to cover with domestic force that s why consciousness to the general populace is needed. There is a Television advertizement which has been put in topographic point to allow people cognize that domestic force is non an acceptable behavior. There are different cusps and circulars incorporating information of how and where to acquire aid if faced with domestic force and these will be distributed to different bureaus in the borough i.e. general surgeries, Accident and exigencies, Housing service Centres, schools, libraries etc. All these are aimed at raising consciousness to the general populace about the issue of domestic force. Raising consciousness about domestic force in healthcare profession is besides really of import because adult females who seek aid normally turn to healthcare professionals. A survey found that 80 % of adult females in a violent relationship had sought aid from the wellness service at least one time Department of Health ( DH, 2000 ) . Health visitants, nurses, accoucheuses and other health care professionals frequently lack awareness about domestic maltreatment and they normally do non cognize what services are available for those who experience it ( Taket, 2004 ) . Mazza et Al ( 2000 ) suggest that some healthcare staff believe that domestic force is a private issue and fright that patients would be upset or offended if asked about their private issues. Women seek aid to get by with domestic force, are more likely to be in contact with wellness professionals than any other service. Health professionals have a duty to care for these patients and should admit domestic force as a major wellness job. The wellness attention professionals can convey their consciousness about domestic force to all those accessing the service by go throughing on all the relevant information to the victims of domestic force. Health attention staff come across many patients who have experienced domestic force, yet they are frequently loath to move on their observations because they feel unprepared to inquire inquiries and to react to the demands of these patients ( James-Hanman 1998 ) . In order to efficaciously raise consciousness amongst cardinal professionals, in-depth preparation about domestic force will be funded and it will be compulsory to all the healthcare professional in the London borough of Barking and Dagenham. For this policy to be implemented successfully, systems will be established to supervise and measure the wellness professionals who have attended and completed this preparation. Besides raising consciousness in healthcare profession, consciousness will besides be raised in schools every bit good because alarming school-age kids the unacceptableness of domestic force can deter them from piquing later in life. This will be done through course of study resources and besides through web site which will offer advice and counsel about what they can make if they are sing domestic force in the place. While seeking to implement the alteration to contend domestic force, some victims in this borough will defy this alteration because some people who get abused may see domestic force as an acceptable behavior due to their cultural and spiritual beliefs ( Peled et el 2000 ) . They would defy alteration because they think that it is the lone manner to continue their matrimony. Educating and raising consciousness to the victims of domestic force that force is an unacceptable behavior regardless of there cultural beliefs and alteration to halt the force is the lone manner frontward. The victims may non turn up to the community centres where consciousness is to be raised and they choose to insulate themselves. They may fear to turn up because they would non desire to be labelled as bad or seen as being badly influence by other adult females in community who are non trusters . This is why spiritual leader will chiefly be used in raising consciousness of domestic force in this borough of barking and Dagenham. Not merely victims will seek to defy this alteration but culprits will besides defy this alteration because they think that by altering and halting their behavior of force in their places, they will be fring control of their households which is non the instance. Perpetrators might defy this alteration by non turning up for seminars which would be organised to raise consciousness about domestic force. That s why spiritual leaders will be involved in educating and raising consciousness because they are really influential to this multi-cultural community of barking and Dagenham. Healthcare staff are besides more likely to defy alteration which is to be implemented because they would claim that they are excessively busy to cover with domestic force. They may besides reason that this alteration would give them more work and other jobs which they may non hold clip to cover with ( Mazza et al 2000 ) . Domestic force is a cardinal issue in the borough of Barking and Dagenham and in UK as a whole. It has become a public wellness issue because it affects the wellness and public assistance of many people therefore needs to be addressed. It is non restricted to any one group in society. It is hence of import to raise consciousness and educate the populace about the rhythm of domestic force and the durable consequence this has to people involved in it. Religious leaders should be used in educating people and raising consciousness about domestic force because they are really influential to a wider community. There is much work underway to turn to this issue with in the borough in footings of raising consciousness and educating the victims and culprits.

Should international non-governmental organizations (iNGO) be allowed Essay

Should international non-governmental organizations (iNGO) be allowed to act anywhere, at any cost - Essay Example t equaling, the enlarging role of inter-governmental associations in the political field and the expeditious globalization of commerce in the economic sphere. However, with the growing influence of INGOs on an international level, a number of controversies associated with misuse of power, liability and legitimacy issues, and corruption charges in some of the reputed INGOs have triggered widespread debate over the role and credibility of INGOs (Ritchie & Rice, 1995). International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) are non-profit voluntary organizations operating at the multinational or global level with participants from various countries. These organizations are involved in various activities which include analysis, advocacy, and awareness raising, conflict resolution, brokerage, capacity building, monitoring and evaluation at the regional, community, state, and global level (INGOs, 2008). Even though the popular INGOs concentrate on human rights (for instance, Amnesty International), disaster relief (the Red Cross), the environmental issues (Friends of the Earth), majority of INGOs are from scientific, industrial, professional, business, and medical sphere (INGOs, 2008). A large number of INGOs is also active in recreation, sports, women’s rights, education, and many other fields. The number of active INGOs has increased dramatically from mere 840 in 1940s to more than 20000 in 2006 (INGOs, 2008). Basically, INGOs are not elected entities, are not answerable to the public, and are not based on the principle of democratic representation. Due to the lack of international system of regulation and accreditation of INGOs under global acts, these organizations enjoy excessive freedom of action (Ben-Ari, 2013). As a result, anywhere, anyone can set up an INGO and begin publishing reports that would be later relied on by the international institutions and tribunals, the media, or by national organizations and courts (Ben-Ari, 2013). Many experts emphasize on the

Ethics & the War on Terror Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics & the War on Terror - Assignment Example Basing on this it would be inappropriate to accord them the rights stipulated in the Geneva meeting as they are a threat to the society. Secret prisons such as the Guantanamo Bay are important in curbing terrorism. Terrorists are often scared by the thought of being taken to such prisons which have negative qualities and where only high profile law breakers are taken (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2014). The chances of escaping such harsh conditions alive are negligible and so that acts as a negative motivation to discourage the acts of terrorism. On the other hand such prisons may not be the best as the United States may not be so certain that the criminals will be accorded the right punishment as per their actions. Chances of escape are also increased. Responding to the student’s post on the Patriot Act that allows the government to access one’s texts, emails and chat messages, I concur with the argument that is presented that this is right since only the criminals have anything to hide in such conversations. This trend should therefore be upheld to address the cases of terrorisms and discourage it. The conversations often contain leading information to the criminals hide outs and their ill

Note On Development Of Waqf Land Economics Essay

Note On Development Of Waqf Land Economics Essay Introduction 1. There is no doubt that the existence of waqf since the time of the prophet s.a.w is meant for the humans to do good deeds for the society and should benefit the Muslims. Waqf or endowment has been embodied in Islam as one of the good deeds in which the spiritual deed rewarded by Allah with 70 times returns.  [1]  In another verse, the act of philanthropy by disposing out property as an act of charity is encouraged in Islam.  [2]  From economic point of view, waqf is a powerful mechanism in developing the nation in form of charitable instruments which is very unique and beneficial for poverty alleviation programmes. 2. In Islamic tradition waqf is very important. Its potential in future development should not be underestimated. The average rate of return on investments made in developing waqf properties came to a minimum of 20-25% (Rashid, 2012)  [3]  . Besides religious purposes, waqf land has also been used for infrastructure development, education sector, healthcare and public amenities. For example, among the prominent education institutions that were founded and maintained using waqf lands are the Al-Azhar University in Egypt, University of Cordova in Spain, Universitas Islam Indonesia in Jogjakarta, Indonesia  [4]  and AlBukhary International University in Malaysia. While in the healthcare sector, the hospital (Al Noori Hospital) in Damascus and clinics (Klinik Nur) in Malaysia.  [5]   Review of Development in Waqf 3. Recently, there is an increasing interest in reviving the waqf institutions. Several international conferences on waqf have been held in recent years (i.e. Harvard, 2006, 2008; South Africa, 2007; Singapore, 2008; Kuwait, 2008; Iran, 2008, Malaysia, 2010).  [6]  These conferences and seminars have discussed how waqf institutions have been revived by means of interviewing relevant authorities and conducting surveys on waqf land rules and regulations in many parts of the Muslim world. Box 1 provides the example development of waqf lands and properties in Malaysia and Singapore. However, despite various efforts by the governments to enhance the benefits, the utilization of waqf lands is still not being optimized and in fact there are a lot undeveloped waqf lands which have potential to be invested through various instruments. 4. From the perspective of research, the literatures discussed the different usage of Islamic modes of investment for waqf institutions (Kahf, 1998; Hasan and Abdullah, 2008). There are also a few literatures dedicated to the topics of waqf land development. Most of these have discussed the historic development of these lands and their legal aspects (Perai, 2005; Hasan and Abdullah, 2008). There are writings that have classified waqf lands according to how they have been used, for example agriculture, construction, mosques, cemeteries, etc. (MAIS, 2008). There is, limited literature that has categorized waqf lands according to their strategic locations and uses let alone matching them with Islamic investment modes (Noor and Mohamed, 2009). 5. There is no recent news of any worth-mentioning waqf development project except in Malaysia during the last two years (20 major and 70 minor waqf projects have been completed, worth over US$100 million)  [7]  . On the other hand, the number of properties sponsored by the Awqf Properties Investment Fund of IDB (APIF) was not up to the mark. During 2002-03 only 8 projects were developed, while 7 projects in 2009 and 5 projects in 2010. The distribution of dividend from the funds was relatively low at only 2.5% compared to Harta Tanah PNB Trust in Malaysia at 6-7% of income distribution annually  [8]  . In addition, World Waqf Foundation has been very inactive as there is no publication from the foundation since 2004. Box 1. Development of Waqf Lands in Malaysia and Singapore The development of waqf in Malaysia and Singapore especially land is fundamentally aimed at generating more income to waqf institution that could be benefited by the beneficiaries. In the context of Malaysia, there are over 35,727 hectares of registered waqf lands in which may be invested to benefit the Muslims society.[1] One of the recent large scale investments of waqf land in Malaysia was initiated by the Federal Territories Islamic Religious Council together with Tabung Haji, TH Technologies Sdn. Bhd. and Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad involving a project for the construction of a 34-storey building at a cost of RM151 million. Regardless of this development, it is observed however that the utilization of waqf lands is still not being optimized and in fact there are a lot undeveloped waqf lands which have potential to be invested through various instruments. There are various model of investments of waqf land could be adopted by the waqf authority either they are depending on funding from the federal or state government or statutory bodies or financial institutions. The utmost important is that the ability of the waqf institution to choose the most appropriate and suitable methods of financial schemes for any of its investment project. In Malaysia, the instruments of investment of waqf land namely debt-based instrument, equity-based instruments, self-finance instrument and Islamic securities instruments. However, the existing waqf lands have not been strategically categorized and the modes of Islamic investments have been used arbitrarily. In the case Singapore, although many waqf were still managed by the private trustees, all awqaf created are vested in Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS) and required to be registered in MUIS. The effective and efficient management of waqf assets and properties by MUIS had enabled waqf revenue to increase exponentially. MUIS also adopted joint venture and partnering approach to develop waqf properties (i.e a S$28 million development of the 20 units of massionette and selling for 99 years lease). This approach and method proved to be an effective way to develop waqf properties, particularly with property prices spiraling upwards and land scarce Singapore. There are many creative solutions in the development of waqf properties. In current properties investment, Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) instrument is a popular route to owning properties as the structure highly appeals to the investors. MUIS has creatively made an internal REITs for its waqf properties (i.e the purchase of a 6-storey office building with a pool of waqf properties). As at 2006, MUIS manages waqf properties and assets worth about S$341 million.[2] As far as financial resources are concerned, cash waqf scheme and modern financial mode of Sukuk Musharaka bond have been introduced to fund waqf development activities. [1] According to a survey conducted by Jabatan Agama Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) in 2000. [2] WAREES PTE LTD (2007). Source: MUIS (2006), Hassan and Abdullah (2008). Binding Constraints to Development of Waqf Land 6. In practice, a wide range of applications of the waqf idea have emerged over time and space, including for purposes of markets, guilds and other civic endowments, usually under the administration of a mutawali, as well as for mosques, schools, cemeteries, housing for the poor and general welfare. In this respect, waqf occupies the ambivalent zone of many charities and philanthropists along with other institutions. However, significant issues facing waqf institutions need to overcome when it comes to process of developing the waqf lands. For instance, the waqf administration is accused of giving less than impartial and just decisions and complaints of bribery against the waqf officials are not uncommon.  [9]  There are also many examples of disputed waqf lands that now in the process of court hearing around the Muslim world. 7. The binding constraints faced by the development of waqf land, among others are: i) unregistered waqf lands without land titles registered in the name of the waqf authority, the land cannot be developed and they remain undeveloped; ii) unexplore option of Istibdal on non-prime land or sale Istibdal or substitution would be a suitable alternative to non prime land being exchanged for prime or more suitable lands for identified development initiatives or refurbishment; iii) waqf on leasehold land and properties classified as national heritage waqf authority may encounter obstacles developing waqf land that are leasehold (till lease expires) or classify under the category of national heritage under the auspices of respective local authority; iv) legal framework to understand different legal frameworks of waqf administration and waqf matters; and v) security for financing route for project financing, the concept of waqf may not allow exceeding to the requirement for land becoming collateral which is a basis for financing. 8. In term of waqf institutions, it is undoubtedly unsatisfactory. In many areas, there has been a devastating evidences of awqaf. The awqaf institutions are not given proper attention and therefore, vast awqaf properties are ill-managed. The inevitable consequence is much dilapidation and disrepair. Even the best wqaf buildings, with tremendous commercial potential, are not getting basic repairs and maintenance (Ahmad and Khan, 1998). Indeed there is a general feeling that waqf properties of the highest quality, is now some sort of cheap commodity, available in the commercial market. On top of which the virtual collapse of institution of awqaf has resulted in a vacuum which, in most Muslim countries have failed to fill in the gap. The reasons for this include: i) poor legislative framework; ii) administrative lapses; iii) lack of political will; iv) indifferent attitude of the management committee of the awqaf; v) lack of funding; and vi) lack of honesty and integrity. Proposed Framework for Waqf Land Development 9. There are vast un-managed assets of awqaf in the world where Muslims also represent a huge amount of social wealth. In the development process, these can be combined to produce necessary facility of social services especially for the poor people (Bellhachmi, 2004). The institution of awqaf could play a better role in the process of social and economic development. In order to achieve this stage, there is a need to give special attention to the development of the vast under-used awqaf properties to reactivate its functions and ability to provide those important services they used to carry out in the past. One of the major problems in relation to reviving awqaf is a lack of funds for regenerating the productivity of the waqf land/properties as well as other moveable and immovable assets. 10. The intended development of waqf lands/properties may be either for the purposes of revivification or advanced in the sense of investment. There are several mode of financing can be employed for development of awqaf lands such as issuing output share, partnership share, leasing etc. Sabit (2006) has divided the development of waqf assets into three (3) main methods: i) credit based finance; ii) joint venture or equity and income sharing; and iii) self-financing. The combination of these three methods of financing or two of them may also necessary based on the requirements of the waqf assets. 11. Based on the recent studies and practices, this study proposes for establishment of waqf assets as an offer of alternative investment through the issuance of sukuk, complemented by cash waqf fund. In order to develop awqaf projects, creating cash waqf fund (i.e Malaysia and Singapore) and sukuk mode of finance (Singapore) will build up trust between investors, depositors and the awqaf institutions for enhancing the financial benefit. It is expected that these two sources of Islamic investment funds will allow the Muslim ummah to invoke waqf contributors motives by financing into the awqaf projects so as to fulfill the objectivities of the awqaf. The details of these two sources of funding for the development of awqaf institutions are discussed below: Before undertaking the development of waqf lands, IDB needs to fulfil three basic requirements: i) develop a co-ordination mechanism between IDB and waqf authority for the purpose of compiling waqf lands information; ii) identify and profile strategic waqf lands for the purpose of commercial activities (i.e hospitals, educational and training institutions, real estate); and iii) form a potential partnership in the form of SPV- IDB as a partner (sharik) with the potential waqf authority to undertake specific waqf projects/investments. Many wqaf institutions simply do not have the funds to develop new capacity while keeping their existing work going on. Waqf assets, through the issuance of sukuk (Islamic bond), offer an alternative investment. Most important point is that sukuk as a product is linked the returns and cash flows of the financing to the assets purchased, or the returns generated from an asset purchased. Therefore, sukuk can be used as a tool to finance for development of the waqf properties. The main objective is to provide long-term support with a focus on building capabilities and showing results. There are several types of sukuk but two, ijara sukuk and musharakah sukuk, are most popular in the real estate financing and for creating funds for construction of new complexes. The development of waqf assets through the issuance of sukuk may be most suitable by using the musharakah financing principle, due to three elements: i) it represents new source of funds on basis of profit and loss-sharing; ii) it is vital to developing awqaf lands; and iii) there is a great deal of surplus cash sitting in Islamic financial institutions. Figure 1. Illustration for Waqf Land Development Source: authors illustration Figure 1 summarizes the cycle for waqf land development via sukuk. The waqf management board creates a musharakah venture. Waqf management board also will also appoint a Waqf Asset Manager as an agent to develop the land. In order to mobilise the fund through musharakah sukuk the following mechanics can be employed  [10]  : i) the waqf asset manager and special purpose vehicle (SPV) enter into a musharakah venture to develop waqf land for a period with pre-determine profit sharing; ii) the waqf asset manager enters into a two-year forward lease agreement with construction company; iii) on behalf of the waqf management board, waqf asset manager contributes land to the musharakah venture; and iv) the SPV contributes cash as capital to build commercial building on the waqf land. The musharakah sukuk can be complemented by cash waqf fund. Cash waqf has become increasingly popular among Muslim, particularly because of its flexibility, which allows distribution of the waqfs potential benefit to be benefited by the poor. Cash waqf fund may be opened for soliciting cash waqf with the intention to support services to mankind in the name of God. The donors (waqifs) of this fund will give their cash money for the purpose of financing the development of awqaf land/building/properties. The waqf mutawalli will manage this fund and the fund will be utilized for providing revolving loans for development of awqaf properties. This loans that are payable to the fund, to be utilized again for financing other awqaf properties. Conclusion 12. This note examines briefly the nature of waqf land development, review recent literature and practices on waqf land development and propose a solution to undertake waqf land development for ISFD. The development of waqf lands is an important milestone for ISFD given the fact that there are large amount of undeveloped and ill-managed waqf lands in the Muslim world. By providing the expertise on enhancing the awqf institutions and develop waqf land in member countries, it is expected from this undertaking that the institution of awqaf could play a better role in the process of social and economic development but also generate additional source of income for ISFD to combat poverty in member countries. This note proposes ISFD to consider undertaking waqf land development through the issuance of sukuk and developing cash waqf fund together with member countries.

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups Essay -- Research Papers Ge

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups From the very beginning times of Christianity, its message has identified with and transformed communities of people. Christianity itself grew out of a people group who had an identity that stretches back in time thousands of years. The worship of Yahweh, geographically born in ancient Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) has spread through history to the farthest islands of the seas. Born into the people of Israel, Jesus gathered a small group of followers living and working with them until his ascension to heaven. From these few, the Christian faith spread to other Jews in Israel and the further reaches of the Roman Empire, including parts of southern Europe and Southwest Asia. As Christianity was later adopted by the Roman Empire, much of Europe became the focus of conquest for Roman Christianity, though much of this was due in part to the fall of Western Rome. Rome and beyond Justo L. Gonzalez documents this spread of Christianity into Europe through the avenue of Rome’s influence. He quotes from a Roman Citizen, Paulus Orosius who condenses this historical phenomenon into his own words. He thoughtfully writes, "If only to this end have the barbarians been sent within Roman borders,†¦that the church of Christ might be filled with Huns and Suevi, with Vandals and Burgundians, with diverse and innumerable peoples of believers, then let God’s mercy be praised†¦even if this has taken place through our own destruction."(1, p231) The various people groups documented by Gonzalez are primarily groups who claim a common ethnic and political identity in the form of a kingdom. These were at times conversions of coercion through political structures and at times conversions of conveni... ...cepted the gospel. Some of these groups have either made the mistake of claiming the Christian religion as their own, while others have sought to make it their own. Rather, the truth is that the gospel becomes yours when you share it with another. (3) Works Cited: 1. Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity. San Francisco: Harper Publishing, 1984. 2. Winter, Ralph D.; Hawthorne, Steven. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement. Pasadena, CA: The Paternoster Press LTD, 1992. 3. Coptic church, http://pharos.bu.edu/cn/, (5/6/99) 4. Frumentius, http://www.catholic.org/saints/saints/frumentius.html, (5/6/99) 5. Vikings, http://www.csn.net/advent/cathen/11115b.htm, (5/6/99) 6. Crusades, http://orb.rhodes.edu/encyclop/religion/crusades/Crusade.html, (5/6/99) 7. St. Patrick, http://wilstar.com/holidays/patrick.htm, (5/6/99)

Poetry Essay Essay

Poetry is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so as to evoke an emotional response. Poetry has been known to employ meter and rhyme, but this is by no means necessary. Poetry is an ancient form that has gone through numerous and drastic reinvention over time. The very nature of poetry as an authentic and individual mode of expression makes it nearly impossible to define. Poetry is sometimes hard to understand but other times it’s as easy as one, two, and three. Sometimes people turn to poetry to vent their feelings, to tell their high school sweetheart they still love them, to get over grief and etc. Poetry can be inspirational and motivating. Poetry can be anything you want it to be. The plot of â€Å"Watch† by Frank Outlaw tells us that we should be careful about what we do and to choose wisely what we act on. One of the poetic devices in this poem is assonance. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. The vowel sounds repeated in this poem are: A, E, I, O and U. Another poetic device found in this poem is imagery. Imagery is words or phrases that appeal to the senses. The poem is titled Watch, so I believe therefore, watch would be considered as imagery. This poem appeals to me because I agree that we should watch what we do, before we do that particular thing. The plot of â€Å"The Greatest Artist† by Udiah tells us that God is one of a kind and can create the most beautiful things in this world. It also tells us that only God can create the beautiful things on this Earth. The sky is God’s canvas to a beautiful masterpiece. It also states that whenever we are sad, he puts a smile across our face to let us know He’s there. One poetic device in this poem is rhyme. Rhyme is the similarity of ending sounds exsisting between two words. Some of the rhyming words are: compare and air, above and glove, fair and there. Another poetic device is metaphor. Metaphor is the comparison between two objects with the intent of giving clearer meaning to one of them. One of the metaphors in this poem is: God is the greatest artist. This poem appeals to me because I agree that God is the one and only who can create the most unique things and we always know he’s watching us with open eyes. The plot of â€Å"Before You† by William Arthur Ward tells us that we should think before we do. It also tells us that we should learn from different situations. Another thing it teaches is that we should use patience before expressing our thoughts. One of the poetic devices in this poem is repetition. Repetition is the repeating of words or phrases. The repetition in this poem is before you. Another poetic device is assonance. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. The vowel sounds repeated in this poem are: A, E, I, O and U. This poem appeals to me because I agree that we should think before we act. I dedicate this poetry book to my mom. I included certain poems because poetry has such a special meaning for a special person. She is a true genuine person with a great attitude towards life. Who expresses emotions profoundly through words. I included certain poems because of the motivation and inspiration they have. I’m most inspired by Adele, Adele is a famous London singer, who expresses music through her heartfelt experiences.

Income Inequality Not All Live Equal Lives - 1198 Words

Income inequality is a major issue throughout society in the United States of America, due to a corrupt and inconsistent economy that is displayed for individuals to suffer through. Those who are rich or poor in the United States of America should not all live equal lives. Yes, rich people benefit the most from income inequality, however they do not participate towards a fair level of taxpaying commitment, in comparison to those individuals who live low or middle class lifestyles. Anger occurs frequently from high-class individuals when the conversation of equal tax paying money becomes issued as a relevant topic and issue. The answer towards fixing income inequality should not make every high, middle or low class individual live in an equal wealthy lifestyle, it actually means the opposite view. As the three different social and wealthy classes exist, all of those individuals who live in their classified lifestyle, should have to pay taxes in the economy that appear fair and appropr iate towards the type of income that they receive. Low and Middle class individuals contain more of a population in comparison to those individuals who live in a high-class society. The term inequality stems from an economic background. Income inequality has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability. Overall, income inequality can be easily translated to the total share of the nation s income that is received by higher income households. This type of economicShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Academic Integrity And Promote Ethical Behavior Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pageshave not engaged in cheating, forgery, or plagiarism and I have cited all appropriate sources. 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